《除障祈愿网络共修》第六天，噶玛列些林佛学院的喇嘛、堪布、老师和学僧等众在法王带领下一起修法。
法王开示：
I hope all of you are doing well.
各位好。
Today is the sixth day of the Aspirations to End Adversity.
今天是大祈愿共修第六天。
Today we will recite the Praises of the Twenty-One Taras and two supplications to Guru Rinpoche,Clearing the Path of the Obstacles and Spontaneous Fulfillment of Wishes together.
我们要一起念诵的是《二十一度母礼赞文》和莲师的祈请文《道除障祈请文》和《愿望任运祈请文》。
The teachings on Jetsun Tara were very widespread in India even in ancient times.
至尊度母的法系在古代印度也非常地流行。
For exemple, to this day,ancient images of Tara can be seen at all the sacred Buddhist sites,including Nalanda and Bodhgaya.
比如我们现在在那烂陀寺、菩提伽耶金刚座等佛教的重要圣地，也都会看到很多保留至今的古老度母像。
In India at that time,it seems that everyone had great faith in and devotion to Tara,regardless of whether they were Mahayana or Foundation Vehicle practitioners.
当时的印度，不论大乘或小乘，所有的佛弟子们都对至尊度母抱有极大的虔信。
In terms of Tibet,Jetsun Tara was Jowo Atisha’s yidam deity.
若以藏传佛法来看，阿底峡尊者的本尊正是度母。
At first,he had no desire to go to Tibet,but Tara made a prophecy and explained why he should,so he decided to go,as is described in his biographies.
据传尊者最初并没有想要前来藏地弘法，后来因为度母的授记，才决定要入藏弘法。
Tara is also a primary deity of the Kadampa school.
这在尊者的传记中都有记载。
She is one of their four main deities, the goddess of activity.
另外，度母是噶当四本尊中，消除障碍的本尊，度母可以说是噶当派最主要的本尊。
These days,our main traditions of White Tara come down from the Kadampa school.
我们现在的白度母传承主要也是源自噶当派。
Tara has been the yidam deity of many Tibetan lamas of all traditions,and many incarnations of the Karmapa have considered Tara their yidam deity.
总之，藏传佛法所有教派的许多大师，都一致以至尊度母作为主要的本尊，尤其是历代的噶玛巴也有许多以度母为本尊。
In particular,these Praises to the Twenty-One Taras are ubiquitous in Tibet,,and all monastics and laypeople,young and old alike,recite them daily.
特别是《二十一度母礼赞文》在藏地更是广为流行，不论僧俗、长幼、男女都会念诵。
Even illiterate people learn them by ear and recite them.
甚至是文盲都能朗朗上口。
When I was little,I remember my mother reciting Tara.
我记得小时候，母亲就时常念诵度母。
She was illterate but had learned it orally and recited it with a pure intention.
虽然母亲不识字，但仍抱持着虔敬心念诵。
Regarding Jetsun Tara’s origin,there is not time to teach it at length today.
关于度母的源流，今天没有时间详细地讲。
But in brief,Tara is usually said to be an emanation of Avalokiteshvara,and in Tibetan Buddhism,the story is told that both White and Green Tara were born from tears from his two eyes.
但是简略来说，至尊度母是观世音菩萨的化身，藏传佛法更认为，绿度母和白度母分别是观世音菩萨两滴眼泪的化现。
In the Sutra of Manjushri Expanding in All Directions,translated into Chinese by the Indian master Amoghavajra,it is said that when Avalokiteshvara entered the smadhi of Tara,the appearance of all,from his right hand there shone light rays,out of which Tara arose.
印度的不空三藏大师在他译成中文的《佛说大方广漫殊室利经》中提到，观世音菩萨进入“普光明多罗三昧”后，从右眼放出光明，化现出至尊度母。
There is a custom of revering Tara as an emanation of Avalokiteshvara or as Avalokiteshvara changing to a female from.
概言之，度母是观世音菩萨的化现，或是观世音菩萨所示现的“女相”。
For example,in some sutra and tantras,she is called by the names Tara Lokeshvara and Tara Avalokiteshavara.
比如一些经典和续典当中，也有称之为“度母世间自在”与“度母观音”的传统。
It is Tara who is said to offer protection from the eight dangers,and the White Lotus Sutra similarly says that Avalokiteshvara protects us from the eight dangers.
另外，至尊度母的“救八难”形象也与《法华经.普门品》提到的观世音菩萨救护八难有关。
To sum it up,the Mahayana teaches that Avalokiteshvara embodies the compassion of all buddhas.
总之，大乘佛法认为观音是一切诸佛菩萨慈悲的形象展现。
He then arises in the form of Tara and becomes for us like the image of a loving mother.
而当他以至尊度母的形象出现时，就如同一位慈悲的母亲一样。
This allows us to be closer to her and have a stronger feeling.
让我们感到亲近与亲切。
There are similar instances in many religions in the world.
在许多宗教当中都有类似的形象。
For example,in Chrisitianity,many faithful people have especial faith in and regard for Mary,the mother of Jesus.
例如基督教当中的“圣母玛丽亚”特别受到信徒们所敬仰。
I think this is similar to that.
我想这是相似的。
Then we will recite two supplications to the great Guru Padmasambhava of Uddiyana.
其次，今天要念诵的第二个内容是祈请邬金大阿阇黎莲花生大士的两部祈请文。
These two are the most common of the many different prayers to Guru Rinpoche.
这两部祈请文是所有的《莲师祈请文》当中最为普及的。
They are both termas,but there are different versions based on different terma texts that were revealed at different times.
两部都属于伏藏法系，不同时代取出的伏藏，也有许多不同的版本。
For the texts included in our prayer book on this occasion,the first,Clearing the Path of Obstacles,is based on the terma revealed bu Tulku Bakhal Mukpo,and the second,Spontaneous Fulfillment of Wishes,is based on the terma revealed by Tulku Sangpo Drakapa.
总之，今天我们所念诵的这两部，第一部《道除障祈请文》是祖古巴喀木布所取的伏藏，第二份《愿望任运祈请文》则是祖古桑波查巴所取的伏藏。
There are versions of both these texts that were revealed later by the great terton Chokgyur Lingpa,but it seems that the original tertons to reveal them are the two whom I just mentioned.
虽然，后代的大伏藏师秋吉林巴也曾取出过这两部祈请文的伏藏，但是最早取出这两部祈请文的应该是上述的两位伏藏师。
But neither of these two tertons is all that well known,so I think most people probably have never even heard of them.
不过他们较少为人知，不是很出名，所以我们大概都没听过他们二位的名字。
Thus,in order to show gratitude to these two for revealing such important treasures,we have included them in our prayer books,and I have taken this opportunity to translate them into Chinese,though there is some room for improvement in some places.
因此，为了感念他们二位取出如此重要伏藏的恩德，所以这次我们收录了他们的版本。借此机会，我也新译了中文的译本。但我认为还是有许多需要修订和改进的地方。
I hope that later,when they are right in all respects,I will be able to share them with you all.
之后，待全部定稿之后，希望能够呈献给各位。
Of these two,Clearing the Path of Obstacles is a supplication combined withe the life story of Guru Rinpoche.
《道除障祈请文》是一部结合莲师的生平而成的祈请文。
Guru Rinpoche had a great influence on the spread of Buddhism in Tibet,and thus all followers of Tibetan Buddhism owe him a deep debt of gratitude.
莲师对于佛法弘扬藏地有极大的贡献，所以所有藏传的佛弟子都应该发自内心地感念他的恩德。
It is said that though he was kind to Tibet,his kindness went unnoticed by many.Unlike other Indian scholars and masters,there were many in Tibet who objected to and denigrated Guru Rinpoche.
然而，就像是“恩德虽盛却难知”所说，藏传佛教人士对于莲师，却又许多的诽谤和辩证。这是莲师独特也有别于印度其他大师的地方。
The reason this occurred is,on the one hand,that his detractors did not know his sources,scriptures,and reasons,and on the other ,it is that a few of Guru Rinpoche’s followers seem to have had the fault of being overly zealous.
之所以会有人诽谤莲师，一方面是因为有些人对于莲师的背景、历史不理解所致，但一方面也是因为有些莲师的弟子对莲师的信心太过所致。
In brief,if we were to say that Guru Rinpoche was only kind to the Nyingma school or that he belonged to the Nyingmas only,it would be mistaken.
简言之，如果总是强调“莲师对于旧译宁玛派特别有恩”，或偏颇地视其为宁玛派专属的祖师的话，也是不妥的。
He was,as the Tibetan saying goes,the guru of all gurus,the sun of all suns.
就像藏传佛教会比喻说，莲师是“诸佛之师，诸日之日。”
Similarly,the second buddha Padmasambhava is not a guru for a specific school or a specific dharma lineage;he is like the universal jewel for all Tibetans,and I think it is important to keep this in mind.
第二佛莲师是不分宗派和教派的共同上师，就像是所有藏人共同的珍宝一样，这是要放在心上的。
It was during the reign of King Songtsen Gampo hat the dharma was initially established in Tibet.
就历史来看，藏地在松赞干布王时期开示了佛法的弘传。
He built the Pehar shrine in Rasa.
在拉萨建立了贝哈尔寺。
Then dharma was practiced for five generations until King Tride Tsugtsen or Me Oktsom.
如此直到赤德祖赞时期历经了五代都广修佛法。
After Tride Tsugtsen passed away,some ministers from the Shang clan acted badly,and the shrines and statues of the Theree Jewels that had been built were destroyed.
但在赤德祖赞离世后，在一些亲族大臣的策划下，毁坏寺院、佛像等等三宝的所依。
They said,”This southern Nepali dharma is not appropriate for Tibet.”
他们说：“这南方传来的东西不适合藏地。”
And they decreed laws prohibiting the practice of dharma.
因此立下藏民禁止学佛的禁令。
Then,when King Trisong Detsen,still a youth,reached the age of twenty,he was the reasons for practicing the dharma and repealed the old laws prohibiting dharma practice.
之后，赤松地藏王二十岁时，认为让藏民们学佛仍为要务，因此取消了学佛禁令。
He invited Buddhist masters,and the king himself listened to dharma teachings and read dharma texts.
他迎请佛教大师们入藏，亲自到法场听大师们说法、读经。
His intention was to propagate Buddhism widely in Tibet,but at that times,many people thought that since Buddhism was not the old religion of Tibet,it would conflict with propitiating deities,harm everyone,and offend the gods.
虽然藏王有广弘佛法的计划，但是当时许多藏民们仍然认为佛法并非藏人传统文化，与藏民习惯拜神供养的仪式不合，担心佛法的传播会迫害传统的藏人文化、信仰。
They thought it would interfere with politics and bring human and animal diseases,famine,and so forth.They had very strong suspicious and worries.
他们担心会亵渎神明，动摇政权等，或者造成各种天灾人祸等等。大家都感到怀疑和担心。
Because of this,King Trisong Detsen summoned the kings of minor kingdoms such as Asha and the external and internal ministers to hold a council to discuss this thoroughly.
因此，藏王安排阿夏等国的国王与内外各邦的宰辅大臣一起建立一个研究会。
First,they considered what the Buddhist scriptures mean.Second,they took their forefathers’ deeds as an example.Third,they investigated in great detail with the help and guidance of the Buddhist ministers and saw that not only was there no fault in practicing Buddhism,it was also very beneficial.
一来研究佛法的本意，二来参考古代藏王的事迹，三来请佛法大师们协助他们深入研究和理解，最后确定修行佛法不会出现上述的危机，而且大有利益。
They saw three main reasons it would be beneficial.The first was that the meaning taught in the dharma was all excellent and that it would accomplish an excellent and unexcelled aim.
利益主要有三方面的原因。一，佛法的义理良善，能够让人得到无上的意义。
Thus,it would not turn out badly;it could only turn out well.That was the first reason.
因此可知是善法，而非恶法，这是第一个原因。
Second,one had to look at long-term benefit and happiness;One could not say that short-term circumstances are a good reason to say that dharma practice is inappropriate.That was the second reason.
二，应该关注的是究竟的利益，暂时的一些情况，不应作为禁止修行的理由。这是第二个原因。
Third,for may generations,their forefathers had practiced dharma,but nothing had an no problems had occurred.
三，过去的藏王时代也曾有修行者，当时也没有发生任何危机。
For these three reasons,they agreed that there was no fault in practicing the dharma and had an edict inscribed with their commitment to not denigrate and not extirpate the dharma.The inscription can still be seen to this day.
由于这三方面的原因，确定修持佛法是无害的。为了让后代都能重视佛法，避免毁佛之事再起，所以公告传世至今的誓约诏书。
Old manuscripts from the time of the Kings call Guru Rinpoche “Padmasambhava,the scholar from Uddiyana who achieved siddhi.”
赞普时代的古老文献当中称莲师为“得证成就的邬金大班智达莲花生”。
At that time,Guru Rinpoche was the most powerful siddha in India.
莲师是当时印度修行成就功力最高得一位大师。
Though King Trisong Detsen wished to propagate the dharma in Tibet,many internal and external obstacles arose,as did many bad signs and omens.
藏王赤松德赞虽然想要弘传佛法，但是遇到内外得许多障碍，还有各种得恶兆、恶相。
They invited Guru Rinpoche,and he tamed the gods and demons,quelling all the bad signs and omens.
因此迎请莲师入藏，降伏一切藏地本土得天魔，赦令立下誓言，让恶兆消失。
He made the gods and demons enter people’s bodies,and they admitted their faults saying that what they had done was wrong.
并让那些西藏的天神入于人身，讲出并承认自己曾经的过失。
People could not help being amazed and had to believe.
让所有藏民生起殊胜之心和信心。
Their earlier suspicions and wrong thoughts were all pacified.
消除了所有之前的怀疑和顾虑。
Thus his help and assistance to the king in spreading Buddhism at that time was an extremely great kindness.
由于莲师的大恩，对于当时赞普在藏地弘扬佛法上，起了很大的助力和帮忙。
Guru Rinpoche’s life story is taught in many different ways.
莲师的传记也有很多不同的说法。
Some say he was born miraculously.Some say he was born from the womb.
有些主张莲师是化生的，有的主张是胎生的。
There are also people who say that it is fine to say both——-that he was born miraculously and also born from the womb.
有些认为两者都可以，可以同时是化生，也是胎生。
Regarding how long he spent in Tibet,some people say he spent 3 years in Tibet,some say 6 years,and some 8,12,or 18 years——-there are people who say many different things.
至于莲师在藏地住了多久，有些主张三年，有的说六年，或者十二年，十八年等等，有不同的说法。
According to the termas,the shortest time is 50 years,and some say he spent over 100 years.
若从伏藏系统来看，最少住藏五十年至超过百年。
If these are explanations of visions of pure appearance,you can say as long as you like,but when trying to determine the order of historical events,it must be presented in terms of how it commonly appears to human beings.
当然，从“净观”的角度来说，我们可以自由地去诠释。但若是认真去计算实际的年份则势必依循人类共通的标准来诠释。
Thus,researching the Kama texts of the Nyingma and the actual ancient historical documents and chronicles to establish the sequence of events would give confidence.
这就必须参考宁玛教传和《巴协》等西藏古历史文献来做对比研究，才是比较可靠的方法。
In particular,there is a life story of Guru Rinpoche written by the Jonang Jetsun Taranatha,called the “Indian” or the “Threefold Conviction.”
特别是觉囊派多罗那他尊者撰写的一部莲师传，堪称是“印度版莲师传”的《圆具三信》。
It has some interesting,distinctive features,and I think it would be good for all of us to read it.
这是一本别具特色的传记，各位若能阅读的话，我认为是非常好的。
In brief,please have great faith and devotion in Jetsun Tara,the embodiment of the activity of the buddhas,and in Guru Rinpoche,who is superior to all others in wisdom,love,and power during this degenerate age,and let us recite these prayers together.
总之，我们祈请至尊度母，她是诸佛事业之显现。也祈请五浊恶世中，智仁勇超胜的邬金莲花生大士，请各位带着虔诚的信心，一同来念诵。
